BACKGROUND: Following a decline during the COVID-19 pandemic, Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections resurged in several countries. We aimed to characterise the clinical presentation of paediatric patients admitted to hospital for M pneumoniae during 2023 and 2024 in France. METHODS: We conducted a nationwide, multicentre, retrospective, and prospective observational study across 37 French paediatric hospitals (September, 2023-September, 2024). Children younger than 18 years who were hospitalised with laboratory-confirmed M pneumoniae infection (PCR or serology) were included. Demographics (excluding race), clinical features, laboratory and radiological findings, management, and outcomes data were described and analysed. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission. The trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT06260371) and is complete. FINDINGS: We included 969 children and adolescents with M pneumoniae infection (7·3 years [SD 4·5], 426 [44%] of 966 patients were female and 540 [56%] of 966 were male). 936 (97%) of all patients were positive by PCR for M pneumoniae. Pneumonia was diagnosed in 628 (87%) of the 726 patients with respiratory involvement, and cutaneous manifestations were reported in 132 (14%) of 969 patients, including 56 (42%) of 132 who had erythema multiforme. Macrolides were prescribed in 884 (95%) of the 931 patients who were prescribed antibiotics, primarily azithromycin (563 [64%] of 884). Macrolide resistance was detected in one (5%) of the 21 tested samples. In total, 57 (6%) of 969 patients required PICU admission and four (
Auteur : Chosidow Anaïs, Maakaroun-Vermesse Zoha, Ok Vichita, Delecroix Cécile, Le Roux Pascal, Dommergues Marie-Aliette, de Larminat Justine, Jeziorski Eric, Ronjat Pauline, Jaume Léa, Welfringer-Morin Anne, Bébéar Cécile, Gits-Muselli Maud, Viriot Delphine, Roux Charles-Joris, Bechet Stéphane, Romain Anne-Sophie, Lorrot Mathie, Cohen Robert, Levy Corinne, Cohen Jérémie F
The Lancet. Infectious diseases, 2025, p. Online ahead of print
