Despite variations in pollutant concentrations and types, air pollution affects the entire country, and no region is spared; therefore, everyone is exposed to air pollution. Air
pollution is not limited to cities. Pollution from agricultural sources or wood-burning heating can be significant depending on the season. Furthermore, pollutants can disperse over long distances and reach regions that are, at first glance, low-emission areas
. Suburban areas are particularly affected by ozone pollution. Ozone can also gradually accumulate in the air masses of rural areas located downwind of pollutant sources.

There is significant individual variability in susceptibility to air pollutants. Although everyone can experience effects, certain populations are more vulnerable:

• pregnant women,

• infants and children under 5 whose lungs are not fully developed,

• older adults, who are more sensitive due to aging and the presence of chronic conditions, as well as a decline in immune function,

• people with chronic conditions (such as chronic respiratory diseases, allergies, asthma, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes),

• smokers, whose respiratory system is already irritated by tobacco,

• workers and people engaged in outdoor activities who are subject to greater exposure due to increased respiratory ventilation.