Addressing the issue of promoting migrants’ health raises a multitude of other questions. Even the basic definition of the term “migrants” is controversial. Are migrants newcomers or people who have been living in France for a long time? Are they foreigners or French citizens of foreign origin? How can we include in a single group people with such diverse backgrounds, social statuses, and migration histories? Beyond questions of definition, how can we take into account the specific epidemiological, linguistic, legal, or social characteristics of migrants? Does this consideration determine the effectiveness of health promotion initiatives? [article excerpt]