The author, a professor at the E.N.S.P., examines health education in the prison system from an ethical perspective, which he defines in terms of its etymology and its purpose. It concerns the individual’s freedom—both in relation to oneself and to others—within the framework of laws and codes that regulate these freedoms. This contradiction between the suffering of those deprived of their liberty and the goal of health education to aid in reintegration can only be resolved through the implementation of a relational approach to the restoration of the individual and through a political will to adapt structures for this purpose.