Tuberculosis in France is still a topical question. The national incidence rate was 11.2 cases per 100,000 population in 2000 and has been stable since 1997. The situation is particularly worrying in the Ile-de-France region where the incidence is twice the national rate. It reaches 50 cases per 100,000 in Paris. The proportion of cases with human immunodeficiency virus infection has decreased, but the tuberculosis cases rates are 8 times higher in foreigners, especially in young adults. Social deprivation and migration from countries with high tuberculosis incidence contribute to this situation. Targeting public health initiatives with appropriate fundings should be implemented to combat tuberculosis.