In France, during the 2015–2016 period, the estimated annual number of new cases of pleural mesothelioma was 1,110 (800 men and 310 women). Key points: Poor prognosis, with a 1-year standardized net survival rate of 58% and a 5-year rate of 10% for individuals diagnosed between 2010 and 2015; Improvement in 1-year standardized net survival between 1990 and 2015 by 24 percentage points (36% in 1990 and 60% in 2015), with a more marked improvement in net survival among people aged 80 and older (+36 percentage points); Little change in 5-year standardized net survival between 1990 and 2015 (4% in 1990 and 10% in 2015); No change in 10-year standardized net survival, which remained at 2%, between 1990 and 2015.