In France, in 2018, the estimated number of new cases of small cell lung cancer was 5,007, including 3,363 in men and 1,644 in women. Key points: 5-year age-standardized net survival of 7% for all genders, and 9% and 6% for women and men, respectively, diagnosed between 2010 and 2015; A 7-percentage-point improvement in 1-year age-standardized net survival over 25 years, and a 3-percentage-point improvement at 5 years; High mortality immediately after diagnosis and at 1 year post-diagnosis; Gains in 1-year net survival that are not sustained 5 years after diagnosis.