The "Premiers Pas" research program sheds light on both healthcare utilization and the pathways of undocumented immigrants who receive or are eligible for state medical aid (AME). This section focuses on the socio-anthropological aspect of the research, which provides field data to better understand the various stages and factors influencing the information, activation, and exercise of the right to receive and seek medical care within a categorized population, despite the heterogeneity of situations leading to illegal residence on French territory. Another component of the program is a quantitative survey that provides statistical data on the realities of the application and exercise of this right.