Alcohol consumption in France, although declining slightly among young people, remains a major public health issue with serious health, social, and economic consequences. Despite its deep cultural roots, its harmful effects disproportionately affect disadvantaged populations. This report from La Santé en action explores the causes of this consumption, including the influence of economic actors and social norms, as well as specific vulnerabilities related to gender or childhood trauma. Solutions exist: early prevention, targeted interventions, social marketing, and structural measures such as price increases or advertising restrictions. Healthcare professionals, educators, and social workers have a key role to play. The goal is to make the environment less conducive to consumption and to take action at all levels to protect public health.