The fight against social inequalities is at the heart of tobacco control strategies, both in France and abroad. How does this translate at the operational level? Santé publique France’s approach includes several activities: Generating observational data to measure, monitor, and analyze this phenomenon; Analyzing this contextual data to identify target populations for prevention efforts and levers for action; Conducting scientific monitoring to identify avenues for action; Designing, implementing, and evaluating prevention efforts that take these inequalities into account with the aim of not exacerbating them, and even helping to reduce them; Evaluating these prevention efforts while considering these challenges.