Controlling the spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDRB) in healthcare facilities is a priority of the national program for the prevention of healthcare-associated infections (Propias). Since 2002, Raisin has coordinated surveillance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae) isolated from diagnostic specimens in French HCFs. In 2016, 1,354 HCFs participated in the surveillance program, covering 73% of hospital beds in France. For MRSA, the overall incidence rate (IR) was 0.24 per 1,000 patient-days. It was higher in short-stay care (0.32) and intensive care (0.75) than in long-term care (0.13) and long-term nursing care (0.09). Since 2002, the MRSA ID has decreased by 62% overall and by 70% in intensive care. For EBLSE, the overall IDR was 0.71 per 1,000 patient-days. It was twice as high in short-stay units (0.87) as in rehabilitation units (0.50) and three times as high as in long-term care units (0.25). Since 2002, the incidence rate of EBLSE has increased 5.4-fold (+443%), and the proportion of Escherichia coli among EBLSE cases has risen from 19% to 58%. The continued decline in MRSA incidence suggests a positive impact of the prevention measures implemented in the departments participating in the network. The annual number of MRSA-related healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) is, however, estimated at between 23,000 and 33,000, including approximately 3,400 to 5,000 bacteremias, and that of EBLSE at between 58,000 and 109,000, including between 7,000 and 11,500 bacteremias. Finally, the increase in the incidence of EBLSE, particularly E. coli, is concerning and may serve as a potential reservoir for the emergence of new carbapenem-resistant strains.