National surveillance of antibiotic resistance in community and healthcare settings is conducted by the Primo initiative under the auspices of Santé publique France. This surveillance relies on the MedQual-Ville e-tool, which enables the prospective collection of data on antibiotic resistance in Enterobacteriaceae strains isolated within a broad network of community clinical laboratories (LBM); 1,016 LBMs across the 13 regions of metropolitan France participated in the Primo surveillance program in 2019, and 231 healthcare facilities (ES) with nursing home units participated in the Spares surveillance program; In 2019, a total of 558,819 antibiotic susceptibility tests performed on Enterobacteriaceae isolated from urine samples were collected (87.3% Escherichia coli and 8.4% Klebsiella pneumoniae); The rate of resistance to third-generation cephalosporins (3GC) in E. coli isolated from urine samples of patients living at home was 3.4%, of which 3% involved the production of ESBL. Among patients living in nursing homes, this rate was 9.9%, of which 8.7% involved the production of ESBL. The percentage of ESBL-producing E. coli strains has remained stable over the past three years among patients living at home, whereas it has increased significantly in nursing homes; In 2019, resistance to fluoroquinolones (FQ) was 11.4% among E. coli isolated from urine samples of patients living at home, with rates remaining stable since 2017. In contrast, a decrease in this percentage was observed in nursing homes over the same period, falling from 20.0% to 19.1%; For K. pneumoniae, 8% of strains isolated from urine samples in patients living at home were resistant to C3G, of which 7.7% were due to ESBL production, and 11% of strains were resistant to FQ. Among patients living in nursing homes, resistance rates were 17.0% for C3G, of which 15.7% were due to ESBL production, and 20.2% for FQ.