Controlling the spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDRB) in healthcare facilities has been a priority of the National Program for the Control of Healthcare-Associated Infections since the mid-1990s. Since 2002, Raisin has coordinated national surveillance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae), isolated from diagnostic specimens in French HCFs. In 2010, 933 healthcare facilities participated in the surveillance program, representing a 91% increase compared to 2002. In 2010, the overall incidence rate (IR) for MRSA was 0.40 per 1,000 hospital days (95% CI: [0.39–0.41]) and that for ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae was 0.39 [0.38–0.40]. From 2002 to 2010, the ID for MRSA decreased overall by 43%, from 0.72 [0.70–0.74] to 0.41 [0.39–0.42] (p<0.001), while that of EBLSE increased by 282%, from 0.17 [0.16–0.18] to 0.48 [0.46–0.50] (p<0.001). The proportion of Escherichia coli within EBLSE increased from 18.5% in 2002 to 59.7% in 2010. The regional analysis of infection rates in 2010 shows (a) regional variations in infection rates for MRSA and EBLSE and (b) EBLSE infection rates that are sometimes higher than those of MRSA in certain regions (8/25). The decrease in the MRSA incidence rate suggests a positive impact of the prevention measures implemented in the departments participating in the network. The increase in the EBLSE incidence rate, particularly for E. coli, is, however, very concerning and must mobilize the entire medical community. (R.A.)