This special issue of the BEH is published to mark the annual European Antibiotic Awareness Day on November 18, coordinated by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), and the annual World Antibiotic Awareness Week (November 18–24), organized by the World Health Organization (WHO) on these same themes. The seven articles in this issue clearly illustrate the wide range of actions needed to control antibiotic resistance and reduce its impact on patient care and health, as well as the significant efforts of Santé publique France and its partners in the fight against antibiotic resistance.