The three-year implementation (2002–2004) in the Pays de la Loire region of a pilot network for the epidemiological surveillance of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) made it possible to identify the advantages and disadvantages of various data sources and collection methods and, consequently, begin selecting those that would be most suitable for both long-term sustainability and geographic expansion. The implementation of a national epidemiological surveillance program for MSDs will begin in 2006. This program is in line with the priorities of the Occupational Health Plan (2005–2009) of the Ministry of Employment, Labor, and Social Cohesion. This article presents the objectives of a national program.