In late 1995, the National Public Health Network was commissioned by the Aude Departmental Directorate of Health and Social Affairs to assess, among the general population, the potential health impact associated with pollutant emissions from the Salsigne industrial complex (Aude), which is dedicated to the extraction and pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical processing of an ore composed of gold, sulfur, and arsenic. To this end, a cancer mortality study was conducted to estimate the chronic impact of past exposures.