Santé publique France has established a surveillance system to monitor the health status of the population living in the area exposed to the industrial fire that occurred in Rouen on September 26, 2019, using data from the National Health Data System (SNDS). The initial results presented here focused on the dispensing of psychotropic medications. Trends in indicators of psychotropic medication dispensing or initiation of treatment after September 26, 2019, did not differ between the area exposed to the fire and unexposed areas; The results of the health and quality of life survey were supplemented by an analysis of psychotropic drug dispensing for individuals who were randomly selected and matched to the National Health Data System (SNDS); This analysis showed no difference in trends in psychotropic drug prescriptions following the fire between individuals in the exposed area and those in the unexposed area, including among those living nearby (among both respondents and non-respondents), and regardless of exposure or reported symptoms (among respondents only).