Key Points

• From January 1 to December 31, 2024, 34 mandatory reporting forms were submitted to Santé publique France in French Guiana. Of these cases, 68% were confirmed cases and 32% were probable cases.

• The number of leptospirosis cases reported in French Guiana is likely an underestimate of the actual number of cases, given the low number of cases reported in 2024 and the recent implementation of mandatory reporting. Underreporting prevents the estimation of the incidence rate of leptospirosis in French Guiana as well as its epidemiological monitoring over time, highlighting the importance of case reporting by laboratory technicians and clinicians.

• Reported cases had a median age of 47 years. The age group with the highest number of cases was 50–59 years. The male-to-female ratio was 1.36.

• The majority of reported cases resided in Cayenne and Matoury.

• For the majority of cases recorded in French Guiana, symptoms appeared between May and August.

• The three most common symptoms reported by cases were fever (79%), pain (62%), and liver involvement (35%).

• Among risk exposures, contact with rodents at home and/or at work was reported in 56% of cases.