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Enhanced surveillance of chikungunya and dengue fever begins in mainland FranceThe plan to prevent the spread of chikungunya and dengue fever in mainland France, developed by the Ministry of Health, has just been updated. The Aedes albopictus mosquito, or tiger mosquito, which transmits these diseases, has been present in mainland France since 2004. It poses a risk of local transmission of these arboviruses due to the regular introduction of the viruses by infected individuals returning from areas where they circulate.Reporting suspected human cases of chikungunya and dengue is therefore essential in metropolitan areas where the vector is established and during its active period, from May 1 to November 30 of each year, in order to implement, if necessary, preventive measures or vector control efforts around the cases.The year 2014 saw a considerable increase in the number of imported chikungunya cases in mainland France, a direct consequence of the epidemic raging in the French departments of the Americas since December 2013. In addition, an outbreak of 12 locally acquired cases of chikungunya (11 confirmed and 1 probable) was detected in the Montpellier metropolitan area, a city colonized by the vector since 2010.In 2015, Aedes albopictus is established in 20 metropolitan departments, including Saône-et-Loire, which joins the group of at-risk departments this year. All physicians and laboratories in the department are therefore requested to immediately report suspected imported cases (from travelers returning from endemic areas) and confirmed cases to the Burgundy Regional Health Agency.Clinical signs do not allow for easy differentiation between dengue and chikungunya, which is why it is recommended to test for both diseases (chikungunya AND dengue) simultaneously and systematically when ordering laboratory tests.