Key Points 

• From August 17, 2023, to December 31, 2025, 118 cases of leptospirosis were reported in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region: 23 cases in 2023, 57 in 2024, and 38 in 2025.
• More than a quarter of the cases were reported in Gironde (n = 30), and the highest notification rate was recorded in Charente (2.8 cases per 100,000 inhabitants).
• The majority of cases were men (81%), and the most common age group was 50–60 years old (25%).
• The most frequently reported risk exposure was the presence of rodents at home and/or work and/or recreational sites (more than half of the cases), followed by contact with freshwater (swimming, fishing, etc.) (41% of cases) and agricultural activities (27% of cases).
• The majority of reported cases (88%) were hospitalized, and 42% of hospitalized cases were admitted to the intensive care unit.