A hospital physician, public health doctor, infectious disease specialist, and author of numerous publications, Caroline Semaille has worked for over 20 years within French health agencies. With extensive experience in crisis management, public health policy, health democracy, and the administration and management of public institutions in the fields of health and the environment, she has now taken the helm of Santé publique France.

Since April 2021, she has served as Deputy Director General at the National Agency for Medicines and Health Products Safety (ANSM), where she had previously worked for five years as Director of Products.
From April 2019 to April 2021, she served at ANSES (the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety) as Deputy Director General in charge of the regulated products division.

In parallel with her professional career spanning more than fifteen years, she joined the Institut de Veille Sanitaire (now Santé Publique France) in 2000 as an epidemiologist for the EuroHIV program, and two years later took over as head of the HIV/AIDS, STIs, and Hepatitis Unit.

She served as a member of the High Council for Public Health (HCSP) from 2013 to 2019 and also participated in the National Commission on Ethics and Alerts in Public Health and the Environment.

Caroline Semaille has devoted the majority of her professional career to public health and issues related to infectious diseases, particularly the fight against HIV/AIDS, and to protecting populations from risks through access to health products, prevention projects, support missions for public health programs, and crisis response.

She holds a qualification to supervise research and has held research leadership positions for several years.