This document presents a summary of the work carried out by the expert group convened by Inserm as part of the collective expert review process (see appendix) in response to a request from the Directorate General for Health regarding strategies to reduce social inequalities in health related to diet and physical activity. This work is based primarily on data from the scientific literature available as of late 2012. Nearly 1,900 documents were gathered through searches of various databases (Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, and Pascal). Inserm’s Collective Expertise Unit, affiliated with the Multi-Agency Thematic Institute for Public Health, coordinated this review. (R.A.)