According to available studies, a significant proportion of people with a major depressive episode (MDE) receive inadequate treatment. The objective of this article is to identify the factors associated with the adequacy of depression treatment in France. In particular, we will examine whether receiving appropriate treatment is associated with seeking care from a specific type of healthcare professional and will highlight the specific effect of the type of care sought on treatment appropriateness while controlling for the effects of sociodemographic and clinical variables. The data are drawn from a national epidemiological survey of the general population conducted in 2005 (2005 Health Barometer, n = 16,883) by the National Institute for Prevention and Health Education. The level of treatment appropriateness is higher among women, those with severe conditions, and people living in the Paris region or the Center-East region, and lower among students. When controlling for the effects of sociodemographic and clinical variables, the probability of receiving appropriate treatment increases with the use of specialized care, either alone or in conjunction with care from a primary care physician. Retirees and other economically inactive individuals are more likely to receive appropriate treatment. Living in the Mediterranean, Paris, or Central-Eastern regions is significantly associated with receiving adequate treatment for depression. Finally, the severity of depressive disorders also increases the probability of receiving adequate treatment. [author’s abstract]