Introduction – Work-related psychological distress (WRPD) is a significant public health issue due to its impact on workers’ quality of life and its economic cost. Prevention measures are being implemented, in part, in the workplace. However, psychological distress is not included in the lists of occupational diseases maintained by social security systems and is therefore rarely recognized as an occupational disease. Method – Using data from the Occupational Disease Surveillance Program (MCP), a series of repeated cross-sectional surveys conducted by volunteer occupational physicians and their teams, the prevalence of WPS, its socioprofessional determinants, and associated occupational exposure factors were calculated from 2013 to 2019; trends were estimated since 2007. Results – The prevalence of SPLT was twice as high among women, regardless of the year (5.9% among women versus 2.7% among men in 2019). These prevalence rates doubled over the 2007–2019 period for both sexes. Mixed anxiety and depressive disorders were the mental health conditions most frequently reported by occupational physicians, followed by depressive disorders. Age, socio-professional category, and sector of activity were strongly associated with SPLT. Discussion and Conclusion – The increase in SPLT prevalence between 2007 and 2019, coupled with the absence of a dedicated occupational disease classification, underscores the importance of characterizing SPLT. Employees whose gender, socio-professional categories, and sectors of activity are identified as being at the highest risk should be prioritized in the implementation of preventive measures.