Introduction. Treatment failures with INF-PEGa2a/b and ribavirin in chronic hepatitis C are primarily due to poor adherence and side effects. No prospective study had yet validated the actual impact of therapeutic education. Objective. To evaluate the impact of systematic nursing consultations on adherence and the efficacy of dual-therapy treatment for chronic hepatitis C. Patients and methods. This is a multicenter, prospective study with randomization into two groups: Group A, which, following the medical visit, received a systematic nursing consultation using a structured assessment and education framework regarding the disease and treatment; and Group B, consisting of patients receiving pragmatic follow-up. This study was conducted at 12 centers. A comparison was made between a center with experience in therapeutic education (Center 1) and newly trained nurses. Results. 244 randomized patients (Group A: 123; Group B: 121) were included. The two groups had similar demographic, clinical, and virological characteristics, as well as a similar frequency of prior treatment. Adherence to a 48-week treatment duration was better in Group A than in Group B (79.1% vs. 48.8%, p<0.005). Sustained virological response (SVR) was more frequent in Group A than in Group B (37.7% vs. 25%, p<0.05). Adherence and SVR outcomes were better at the center with experience in therapeutic education. Conclusion. Routine nursing consultations are associated with better treatment adherence and a better virologic response. The difference was more pronounced at the center with experience in therapeutic education. (R.A.)