In preparation for the 2023 Rugby World Cup, Santé publique France has implemented an enhanced health surveillance system to detect any potential threats posed by this major gathering and assess its impact on public health. No major public health alerts were observed at the national level. The indicators that showed a temporary increase during the period in question were seasonal in nature (respiratory infections). Only one health event of interest was recorded during the Rugby World Cup: a cluster of botulism cases linked to the consumption of artisanal sardines in Bordeaux. Special monitoring of heat-related risks was extended through the end of September, with no orange alerts issued. The surveillance system put in place served as a test to evaluate and adjust the measures planned for the 2024 Paris Olympic and Paralympic Games.