Since 2006, five successive editions of the report on "The State of Public Health in France" have provided a comprehensive overview of the health of the French population by tracking the objectives of the first public health law enacted in 2004. The desire to better reflect certain health issues, combined with the evolution and constant improvement of health information systems—particularly regarding medical-administrative databases—has led to improvements in the report’s content and a redefinition of the data presented. The new annual report, of which this document is the first version, is the culmination of this overhaul1, led by the Directorate for Research, Studies, Evaluation, and Statistics (DREES) and the General Directorate of Health (DGS), in collaboration with all data producers and experts in the relevant fields. This annual report, coordinated by DREES, has drawn on and benefited from the expertise of all data producers in the field of public health (ABM, ADEME, AFDPHE, ANSES, ANSM, CITEPA, CNAMTS, CNR-MyRMA, DARES, DGS, IFSTTAR, INED, INERIS, INPES, INSEE, INSERM-CépiDc, Inserm (U1153, U988, U1018), IRDES, InVS, LCSQA, MEDDE, OFDT, ONISR, USEN (InVS T University of Paris 13)). Particular emphasis is placed on subnational comparisons and the measurement of health inequalities, where data are available. The most recent figures are presented, but the recency of the data may vary depending on the source. This summary of the report provides an overview of the health status of the population in France, highlighting the disparities observed by combining population-based approaches or, more traditionally, by risk factor and disease [publisher’s abstract].