As part of the ongoing discussions within Santé publique France over the past two years regarding ethical issues in public health, the agency organized its first seminar on November 28, 2023, to lay the groundwork for implementing an ethical framework for carrying out its missions dedicated to protecting and improving the health of the population. This event marks a milestone in a process that has been underway for about a decade, beginning with the Ethics and Professional Conduct Committee (CED), which included the organization of awareness-raising initiatives, internal consultations in 2017 and 2018, a discussion session at the Santé publique France Conference in 2019, and the publication of the “Ethics, Prevention, and Health Promotion” issue of the journal *Santé en action* in 2020 (Bungener et al., 2020). This seminar is a milestone, not an end in itself. The collective reflections and questions that emerge from it will serve as the starting point for more concrete work toward establishing a pragmatic and deliberative ethical approach within Santé publique France. The support and guidance provided by the CED, chaired by Grégory Aiguier, were essential to the realization of this project as well as to the development of ethical guidelines for analyzing projects at Santé publique France—guidelines that were presented during the seminar. This seminar, designed to foster reflection, was structured around three preparatory thematic workshops held between November 2022 and June 2023. To complement these workshops, two consultations involving qualitative interviews—one internal and the other external, with professionals and experts in public health and ethics—were conducted; the results are presented here by the researchers themselves. The discussions at the “Ethics in Public Health” seminar drew on this rich body of material to identify lessons learned and outline future directions. This project, which is primarily intended for internal use, provides an opportunity to engage our partners (the Directorate General for Health, other agencies in France or abroad, etc.) on the topic of ethics in public health and the implementation of this approach within a national public health agency. This project also provides an opportunity to publicize this work and place it in a broader context beyond Santé publique France. This booklet summarizes the sessions and roundtables that made up the day’s program: 1) The specific characteristics and challenges posed by ethical issues in public health 2) Lessons learned from the workshops and consultations conducted as part of the reflective seminar on public health ethics 3) How should ethics be implemented within a public health organization? 4) Guidelines for ethical analysis at Santé publique France: an illustration of a pragmatic approach to ethics