The expansion of the range of antifungal treatments has been an undeniable advance over the past 20 years and has improved the prognosis for invasive fungal infections. Taking national and international guidelines into account, adapting them within each hospital by multidisciplinary teams as part of the agreement on the proper use of healthcare products, and conducting regular prescription audits should enable the optimization of treatment regimens. Systemic antifungals now account for the largest share of hospital spending on anti-infective agents, surpassing antibiotics. Economic constraints and the risks of emerging resistance therefore call for a rational and optimized use of currently available antifungals. (R.A.)