Given the particular importance of estimating the number of new cases of pleural mesothelioma for public health in France, a national mesothelioma surveillance program (PNSM) was established in 1998. Compared to the Francim network’s continuous data collection since 1978, this program has the advantage of ensuring the reporting of cases in a few departments not covered by the Francim network and of validating the pathological diagnosis of reported cases. The estimates, derived from data regularly collected in the Francim network registries since 1978 and using the methodology applied to all other sites, can therefore be compared in this chapter with the initial observations and estimates provided by the PNSM based on data from 1998–2000.