Each year, more than 3 million people travel to tropical regions for business, family, or tourism purposes. Under the International Health Regulations (IHR), 127 countries—either endemic for yellow fever or seeking to protect themselves from a potential introduction of the virus—are entitled to require the presentation of an international yellow fever vaccination certificate upon entry into their territory. Yellow fever is a potentially fatal arbovirus disease endemic in 43 countries: 11 in South America and 32 in intertropical Africa. Vaccination is the only effective and practical protection available. The manufacture and distribution of this vaccine are regulated by the World Health Organization (WHO). In France, its use is restricted to “International Vaccination Centers” (CVI) designated by the Ministry of Health, a list of which is published in the Official Journal. (Introduction)