Introduction – In France, the contraceptive landscape has become more diverse and has been partially de-medicalized over the past two decades. This study explores this phenomenon and its determinants.Method – The analysis draws on data from the Contexte des sexualités en France (CSF-2023) survey involving 4,420 women aged 18 to 49 who were at risk of unintended pregnancy. The study examines contraceptive practices, with a focus on non-medical methods and the absence of contraception. Associations with sociodemographic characteristics, sexual activity, and health status are examined using multivariate logistic regressions.Results – In 2023, 8.3% of women at risk of unplanned pregnancy had no contraceptive coverage, while 28.3% of contraceptive users relied on non-medical methods, and 8.0% specifically opted for natural methods. The lack of contraception and the use of non-medical methods are linked to low sexual activity and nuanced desires for motherhood. These practices are more common among women born outside mainland France and vary by educational attainment: the lack of coverage primarily affects those with the lowest levels of education, while non-medical methods are preferred by those with the highest levels of education.Conclusion – The results show that the decline in medical contraceptive coverage in France cannot be interpreted uniformly. On the one hand, the lack of contraception remains strongly correlated with social precariousness; at the same time, the use of non-medical methods—and particularly natural methods—reflects more complex social dynamics.