Controlling the spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDRB) in healthcare facilities is a priority of the national program to combat healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). Since 2002, Raisin has coordinated surveillance of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae) isolated from diagnostic specimens in French HCFs. In 2011, 974 HC participated in the surveillance program, representing a 104% increase since 2002. For MRSA, the overall incidence rate (IR) was 0.38 per 1,000 patient-days (PD) and varied little across regions. It was higher in short-stay units (0.48) and intensive care units (1.14) than in rehabilitation and long-term care units (0.24). Since 2002, the MRSA ID has decreased by 40% overall and by 55% in intensive care units. For EBLSE, the overall incidence rate was 0.46 per 1,000 HPD, ranging from 0.27 to 0.81 across subregions. It was twice as high in short-stay care (0.61) as in SSR-SLD (0.26). Since 2002, the incidence rate of EBLSE has increased by 354%, and the proportion of Escherichia coli among EBLSE has risen from 19% to 59%. The decrease in the incidence of MRSA suggests a positive impact of the prevention measures implemented in the departments participating in the network. The annual number of MRSA-related healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) is, however, estimated at between 32,000 and 42,000, including approximately 5,000 bacteremias, and that of EBLSE at between 29,000 and 50,000, including approximately 5,000 bacteremias. Finally, the increase in the incidence of EBLSE, particularly E. coli, is concerning and may serve as a potential reservoir for the emergence of new carbapenem-resistant strains. (R.A.)