Introduction: France has recently been hit by a measles outbreak, which has not spared healthcare workers. A study conducted among residents at the Aix-Marseille University School of Medicine assessed measles vaccination coverage (VC) and identified factors that either promote or hinder vaccination. Methods: In March 2013, a cross-sectional study was conducted among all residents at the Aix-Marseille University School of Medicine. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed during a meeting in which residents selected their future rotations. Measles vaccination status and reasons for vaccination or non-vaccination were collected and analyzed. Results: Of the 1,152 residents surveyed, 61% participated in the survey. Among the respondents, 93% reported having been vaccinated against measles with one dose of vaccine and 76% with two doses. The main reasons for incomplete vaccination cited by the residents were lack of time, lack of interest, and forgetting to get vaccinated. Vaccinated individuals were more likely than unvaccinated individuals to consider ease of access to vaccination an important factor in keeping their vaccinations up to date (p < 0.001). Discussion: The measles vaccination coverage rate with two doses was well below the 95% recommended in France. Difficulties in accessing vaccination were the main reason for incomplete vaccination. It appears necessary to mobilize school health services and university medical services to improve students’ vaccination coverage, in accordance with the new 2013 schedule, and to ensure catch-up vaccination for individuals who have not received at least two doses of the trivalent MMR vaccine. The occupational physician represents an important avenue for reaching the unvaccinated. (R.A.)