The links between exposure to air pollution and its health effects in terms of morbidity and mortality are now well established and documented in numerous French and international epidemiological studies [1,2]. The health impacts of air pollution can be broadly divided into the effects of short-term exposure (acute clinical, functional, or biological "manifestations" occurring shortly—within a few days or weeks—after exposure) and the effects of long-term exposure (the development of long-term pathogenic processes). (R.A.)