Several recent publications have reported a resurgence of syphilis in various European countries. In France, where syphilis had virtually disappeared by the late 1980s, an increase in syphilis incidence was observed starting in 2000, particularly in the Paris region and in Guadeloupe. This situation led public health authorities to launch a syphilis awareness and screening campaign in Paris in May 2002. In November 2002, this campaign was expanded to other cities that had already reported syphilis cases to the InVS, as well as to cities or departments where new syphilis cases were identified. Public health inspectors from the DDASS were then asked to conduct a local assessment. It was in this context that the DRASS of Réunion took the initiative to conduct a survey of clinical laboratories (LABM) to assess the epidemiological situation of syphilis on the island. The CIRE Réunion-Mayotte was asked to analyze the survey data. (Introduction)