Key Points

Mpox

• Confirmed and suspected cases of Mpox are currently being reported in Madagascar.

• In the event of any clinical suspicion (a person presenting with - A rash or one or more genital, anal, or oral mucosal ulcers suggestive of Mpox - Isolated, or preceded or accompanied by perceived or measured fever (>38°C), lymphadenopathy, or odynophagia, the ARS La Réunion must be notified as soon as possible at: ars-reunion-signal@ars.sante.fr, particularly if you have recently returned from Madagascar or have been in contact with individuals returning from Madagascar. These suspected cases will be reviewed by an infectious disease specialist, and if confirmed, a biological confirmation test with specimen collection at the University Hospital (South and North campuses) will be ordered. Affected patients must not visit private laboratories.

Leptospirosis

• The onset of the rainy season marks the beginning of the usual period of seasonal resurgence of leptospirosis. This diagnosis should be considered in all suspected cases to ensure early management and limit progression to a severe form.

Chikungunya

• In Mayotte: Since early January 2026, an increase in chikungunya cases has been observed, with 9 new confirmed cases reported in S02, bringing the total to 11 cases since the start of the year.

• In Réunion: A recent case was reported upon return from a trip to the Seychelles.

• Any suspected case of arbovirus infection must be referred to a laboratory for rapid confirmation of the diagnosis.

Flu-like syndrome

• After two weeks of rising health indicators (emergency room visits and hospitalizations), the health situation has returned to normal.

Bronchiolitis in children under 2

• Indicators for emergency room visits and hospitalizations are declining. Conversely, the positivity rate for RSV is rising.