In October 2014, 12 locally acquired cases of chikungunya (11 confirmed cases and 1 probable case) occurred in Montpellier, a city where the Aedes albopictus mosquito has been established since 2010. A case imported from Cameroon, living in the same neighborhood as the locally acquired cases, was identified as the index case. Epidemiological investigations and numerous vector control treatments carried out in the neighborhood and around locations frequented by the cases during their viremic period helped contain the outbreak. While the national enhanced surveillance system for chikungunya and dengue was, at the same time, heavily impacted by the ongoing chikungunya epidemic in the Caribbean, this first major outbreak in Europe since the 2007 epidemic in Italy resulted from a case imported from Africa. This episode serves as a reminder that the risk of a chikungunya epidemic is very real for the European population.