Due to their high morbidity and mortality rates, infections in nursing homes for the elderly (Ehpad) represent a major problem. A surveillance system for acute respiratory infections (ARI) and acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in nursing homes has been in place since 2010 in the Occitanie region, and it was necessary to evaluate it. A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted during the summer of 2017 to retrospectively describe clusters of cases that occurred between October 1, 2016, and April 30, 2017, as well as the facilities’ preparedness for infectious risks and their perception of the surveillance system. A stratified sample of 412 nursing homes (50% of the region’s nursing homes) was selected from the National Registry of Health and Social Care Facilities. Data were collected via an online questionnaire. In total, 67% of the nursing homes in the sample participated in the survey. Regarding the occurrence of clusters of cases, 28.4% [22.7–34.2] of the nursing homes experienced at least one episode of acute respiratory infection (ARI) and 20.6% [15.2–26.0] at least one episode of gastrointestinal infection (GI). The majority of the characteristics of these episodes were similar to those of episodes reported during winter surveillance. Strengthening hygiene measures and confining patients to their rooms were the measures implemented most quickly, followed by information campaigns, restrictions on group activities, and visitation limits. Influenza vaccination coverage among healthcare workers remained very low (30.4% [26.4–34.3]), particularly in the public sector. This survey identifies various avenues for improvement to enhance the prevention and management of infectious risks in nursing homes.