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Incidence of Gonorrhea and Chlamydia Infections in France in 2012Epidemiological surveillance of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in France relies on several voluntary sentinel networks of clinicians (RésIST for the surveillance of syphilis and gonorrhea) and laboratories (Rénago for the surveillance of gonorrhea and antibiotic resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Rénachla for the surveillance of urogenital Chlamydia infections). Since this surveillance only allows for tracking trends over time, incidence data for France were previously unavailable. Taking advantage of a quality control initiative applied to all national laboratories in 2013, a study was conducted to estimate the incidence rates of gonorrhea and chlamydia in 2012 and the national coverage of the Renago and Renachla networks in terms of diagnostic activity. Laboratories were asked to report the number of gonococcal infections diagnosed by culture and/or PCR, and the number of chlamydial infections diagnosed by PCR. The national incidence rate for gonococcal infections in 2012 was estimated at 39 per 105 people aged 15 to 59, significantly higher in the French overseas departments and territories (88 per 105) than in mainland France (37 per 105), where the rate is significantly higher in the Île-de-France region (73 per 105). The regions with the 03 area code, which include Burgundy and Franche-Comté, had an estimated incidence rate of 24 per 105.The national incidence rate of chlamydia was estimated at 257 per 105 people aged 15 to 49, higher in the French overseas departments and territories (522 per 105) than in mainland France (249 per 105), where the rate was also significantly higher in the Île-de-France region (288 per 105) than in other regions. Regions with code 03 had an estimated incidence rate of 119 per 100,000. These incidence rates are considered underestimated, as biologically confirmed cases represent only a portion of these infections, particularly among women, where they are most often asymptomatic. Furthermore, patients do not always seek medical care, clinicians do not always order microbiological testing, and tests may come back negative even in an infected person… The national coverage of Renago and Renachla in terms of diagnostic activity was 23% for gonorrhea and 18% for chlamydia, respectively. It would be beneficial for a greater number of LABMs to participate in these two networks. In Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, only 6 LABMs participate (4 in Renago, 1 in Renachla, 1 in both), including 3 in Saône-et-Loire. These 6 LABMs account for 38 of the 155 specimen-collecting facilities in the two regions.