Background - To limit the negative impact of low back pain on quality of life, public health policies have focused, on the one hand, on preventing the onset of low back pain and, on the other hand, on limiting its progression to a chronic condition. In France, a public awareness campaign has been underway since 2017, led by the National Health Insurance Fund (Cnam). Objective - To identify the factors associated with adherence to recommendations for preventing the chronicity of low back pain among the French metropolitan population. Awareness of the CNAM campaign (also referred to as “recall”) was one of the factors specifically evaluated. Method - Sociodemographic and health factors associated with adherence to recommendations for the prevention of low back pain were analyzed using weighted logistic regression based on data from the 2019 Santé publique France Health Barometer—a telephone survey conducted among individuals aged 18 to 85 residing in metropolitan France. Results - An association between adherence to the recommendations and recall of the campaign tends to be evident (odds ratio: OR=1.32, 95% confidence interval: 95% CI: [1.00–1.74]; p=0.052). Being older is significantly associated with better adherence to the recommendations (1.01 [1.00–1.03]; p=0.028). Furthermore, intermediate-level professionals (0.50 [0.30–0.82], p=0.007) and manual workers (0.48 [0.28–0.83]; p=0.009) adhere less to the recommendations than managers and professionals. Discussion - Although this study does not constitute a strict evaluation of the CNAM campaign, it highlights a link between recall of the campaign and adherence to the recommendations. Conclusion - A more targeted prevention policy appears necessary for the socio-professional groups at highest risk of low back pain, who adhere least to the recommendations.