On August 26, 2004, the National Reference Center for Rabies-Institut Pasteur (CNRR) notified the French Institute for Public Health Surveillance (InVS) of a diagnosis of rabies in a 4-month-old puppy that had been illegally imported from Morocco to Bordeaux (Gironde). The animal, which was unvaccinated and unregistered, had been picked up in the Agadir region and brought into France by car on July 11 via Spain. It became aggressive on August 17, its condition rapidly deteriorated, and it died on August 21. This article details the investigation conducted jointly by the CNRR and the InVS to identify individuals who had been in contact with the dog. the Departmental Directorates of Health and Social Affairs (DDASS) and the Departmental Directorates of Veterinary Services (DDSV) of the relevant departments, and the Aquitaine Interregional Epidemiology Unit (CIRE) in collaboration with the General Directorate of Health, the General Directorate of Food, the CNRR, and the InVS.