In light of the observed increase in neurolisteriosis cases in Marseille between 2016 and 2024 (N = 9), for which no epidemiological trigger could be identified, we conducted a comparative analysis of the whole genomes of strains isolated from adult patients with neurolisteriosis (N = 5) and isolated bacteremia (N = 13). We examined the distribution of serogroups and the presence of virulence genes.