Introduction – The construction and public works sector employs approximately 1,500,000 full-time equivalents, 20% of whom are self-employed. The objective of this study was to estimate the number and proportion of workers in this sector exposed to various hazards in mainland France in 2019, based on assessments provided by job-exposure matrices (JEMs) from the Matgéné program.Method – The selected JEMs were those related to free crystalline silica dust, wood dust, mineral wool, formaldehyde, petroleum fuels and solvents, oxygenated solvents, chlorinated solvents, noise, and night work. These were cross-referenced with data from the 2019 population census provided by INSEE, restricted to workers and temporary workers in the construction sector, to obtain indicators of exposure to hazards along with their sensitivity intervals (SI) to account for the uncertainty associated with exposure assessment.Results – Noise is the hazard with the highest proportion of exposed workers (62.1% [45.2–70.0], 1,066,340 workers), followed by silica dust and mineral wool. The proportion of exposed workers was higher than in the general workforce for noise, petroleum fuels and solvents, formaldehyde, wood dust, mineral wool, and silica dust, and lower for night work and oxygenated solvents.Conclusion – For many hazards, the proportions of exposed workers are higher than in the general working population, indicating that construction workers constitute a population requiring particular monitoring given the variety of occupational risks encountered in this sector, for which prevention is paramount.