Introduction – Despite the potentially devastating effects of strokes and acute coronary syndromes (ACS) occurring during pregnancy, few studies have assessed the burden of these conditions in France. Our objective was to describe the incidence rates of strokes and ACS during pregnancy, the peripartum period, and the postpartum period, and then to investigate the factors associated with the occurrence of these events. Methods – Data were drawn from the Conception cohort, which was created using data from the National Health Data System. All women aged 15 to 49 who gave birth in France between 2010 and 2018 were included. Sociodemographic data, medical history, and the type of stroke and ACS were recorded. Poisson models were used to estimate the annual incidence of different types of stroke and ACS. Logistic regressions were used to study the factors associated with the occurrence of these conditions. Results – Between 2010 and 2018, in France, 1,261 strokes and 225 ACS occurred during pregnancy, representing an incidence of 24.0 and 4.3 per 100,000 person-years, respectively. Among the strokes: 42.9% were ischemic, 41.9% were hemorrhagic, and 17.4% were cerebral venous thromboses. The incidence of all types of strokes and ACS was higher during the peripartum period (hospital stay for childbirth) and the postpartum period (from discharge from the hospital stay for childbirth to 6 weeks postpartum) than during pregnancy (from the start of pregnancy to the hospital stay for childbirth). The incidence of these conditions was associated with age, but also with lower socioeconomic status, with a higher incidence among women covered by the complementary universal health insurance program. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and chronic hypertension, smoking, and obesity were the main modifiable risk factors associated with stroke and ACS in our study. Conclusion – In France, a stroke occurs in 1 out of every 5,000 pregnancies and ACS in 1 out of every 23,000 pregnancies. Prevention measures must be promoted more vigorously, given the modifiable cardiovascular risk factors involved in the occurrence of these cardiovascular diseases in pregnant women.