Key Points

• Leptospirosis was added to the list of notifiable diseases (MSO) on August 17, 2023.

• From January 1 to December 31, 2024, 886 cases of leptospirosis were reported, including 441 in mainland France and Corsica and 445 in the Overseas Departments and Regions (DROM).

• Of the 886 reported cases, 653 were hospitalized (74%) and 13 died (1.5%).

• The case notification rate for leptospirosis in mainland France and Corsica was 0.67 cases per 100,000 inhabitants.

• In mainland France and Corsica, the 2024 data confirm the known epidemiological profile: a predominance of male cases, a majority of cases among those aged 30–50, and marked seasonality with an increase in cases starting in May and a peak during the summer.

• The high proportion of cases requiring intensive care (34% of hospitalized cases) underscores the potential severity of this zoonosis

• The identified exposures, particularly gardening, farming, swimming in freshwater, and contact with animals, underscore the importance of implementing preventive measures in wet environments potentially contaminated by animals.