Networks of clinicians (RésIST) and laboratories (Rénago, Rénachla, and Lymphogranuloma Venereum: LGV) make it possible to track trends in indicators for bacterial STIs. In 2012, the main findings were as follows:

• the number of recent syphilis cases has been rising over the past four years. This increase is observed in the Île-de-France region and the rest of mainland France among gay and bisexual men (who account for 87% of cases) seeking care at specialized facilities (Ciddist, CDAG);

• the number of gonococcal infections has continued to rise over the past decade among both men and women, regardless of region or sexual orientation. Part of this increase is linked to the expanded use of PCR since 2009 in combined Chlamydia/gonococcal screening, particularly among women;

• The proportion of gonococcal strains resistant to cefixime increased in 2012 (3.0%). However, no cases of resistance to ceftriaxone, the first-line treatment, have been detected since 2010. Culture prior to antibiotic therapy remains essential for testing the sensitivity of strains to antibiotics, as does maintaining close monitoring of sensitivity to cephalosporins;

• the number of urogenital Chlamydia infections has continued to rise since 2006 in both men and women. This increase reflects, on the one hand, a rise in incidence and, on the other hand, an expansion of screening practices, particularly in CDAGs, which results in a more pronounced increase in asymptomatic infections than in symptomatic infections;

• The number of cases of rectal LGV has remained relatively stable since 2008, while the number of non-LGV Chlamydia proctitis cases is increasing. Nearly all cases involve gay and bisexual men;

• Among patients with Chlamydia proctitis (LGV or non-LGV), syphilis, or gonorrhea, the rate of HIV co-infection remains high;

• among patients with syphilis or gonorrhea, condom use remains insufficient, particularly during oral sex, which is a highly effective mode of transmission for these STIs.