Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a multidrug-resistant bacterium frequently implicated in healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). Despite the progress made over the past 15 years, the fight against MRSA-related HAIs remains a priority of the national HAI prevention program. Since 2005, healthcare facilities (HCFs) have reported to the Ministry, as part of standardized HAI surveillance reports, the number of patients from whom at least one MRSA strain was isolated during the year in a diagnostic specimen; the number of hospital days (HD) is derived from the annual statistics of these HCFs. From 2005 to 2008, the incidence of MRSA decreased from 0.55 to 0.44 cases per 1,000 HPD (-12% after adjustment for HC category and region). The incidence of MRSA was highest in general hospitals (CHRU or CH) and lowest in private clinics (MCO) and follow-up care, rehabilitation, or long-term care centers (SSR/SLD). This decrease was most pronounced in CHR/CHU (-9.6% per year), hospitals with 300 beds (-7.1% per year), hospitals with fewer than 300 beds (-5.5% per year), and SSR/SLD facilities (-4.1% per year). By region, the incidence of MRSA ranged from 0.19 to 0.80 cases per 1,000 patient-days; it was highest in the Limousin, Picardy, and Nord-Pas-de-Calais regions, and lowest in the Pays de la Loire region and in the French overseas departments (DOM) except for Martinique; six regions showed a significant downward trend, and none showed an upward trend. This study confirms the decline in the incidence of MRSA in France, already documented by several studies (prevalence surveys, the BMR-Raisin network, the EARSS network). However, its level and trends over time vary by healthcare setting and region, suggesting that its determinants should be studied to better target prevention programs. (R.A.)