Carbamates are a group of synthetic pesticides. They were introduced in the 1950s to replace organochlorine pesticides. The Esteban study is the first to measure carbamate exposure levels in the general French population aged 6 to 17 living in mainland France. In this study, carbofuran phenol, a metabolite of the insecticide carbofuran, propoxur, and its metabolite 2-isopropoxyphenol were measured in the general population among 899 adults and 500 children included in the study between April 2014 and March 2016. As in other countries, particularly in North American studies, these compounds have been rarely quantified. It now appears that the ban on the carbamates measured in this study for phytopharmaceutical or biocidal use explains the low levels found in the Esteban study. Continued biomonitoring of these substances would help confirm this hypothesis.