Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) are synthetic chemicals used in a wide range of industrial products and everyday consumer goods. Widely present in the environment, persistent, and bioaccumulative, certain PFCs fall into the category of persistent organic pollutants. Public exposure is widespread through food, drinking water, consumer products, dust, soil, and air. Despite regulations on the use of some of these substances, their persistence in the environment, their ubiquitous presence, and their suspected toxicity (carcinogenicity, endocrine disruption, immunotoxicity, effects on lipid metabolism or thyroid function, etc.) make them substances that require monitoring. In France, there are no studies to estimate exposure levels in the general population. In 2011, within the ELFE cohort (French Longitudinal Study from Childhood), the perinatal component of the national biomonitoring program provided initial indicators of PFC exposure in pregnant women. Since then, the French population’s exposure to perfluorinated compounds present in the environment has been estimated in the Esteban study. This estimate was based on serum measurements of 17 perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), including PFOA, PFPA, PFNA, PFBA, PFDA, PFHxA, PFHpA, PFUnA, PFHpS, PFHxS, PFDS, PFBS, PFOS, and PFOSA in a subsample of 249 children aged 6 to 17 and 744 adults aged 18 to 74 included in the study between April 2014 and March 2016. The quantification rates of perfluorinated compounds vary by substance; 7 were quantified at over 40% in adults and 6 in children. PFOA and PFOS, the most significant contributors to exposure levels, were quantified at 100% in both children and adults. Regarding the search for determinants, this could only be conducted in adults due to the small sample size of children. The decision was made to build a model for each of the six most quantified PFCs. Differences in exposure levels were observed based on sex, age, body mass index, consumption of fish and seafood, vegetables, self-consumption of eggs and milk, and the use of products or materials during leisure or DIY activities. The results of the Esteban cross-sectional study, the first of its kind in France, highlight the persistence of perfluorinated compounds in the environment despite restrictions on the use of PFCs.